Rock :: essays research papers

Rock Later styles of overwhelming exciting music during the 1990s, for example, grunge (the run of the mill model being Seattle's Nirvana), show impacts of substantial metal yet are ordinarily not named sub-types of substantial metal, rather than whip metal and hair metal. The general nonappearance of virtuosic guitar performances is maybe one explanation grunge groups haven't been viewed as substantial metal groups. Another key craftsman during this time was Megadeth, which joined the persistent, rapid whip metal riffs with the extravagant guitar soloing of speed metal ala Judas Priest. Norwegian Black Metal Since the late '80s, the Norwegian scene has been portrayed by agnosticism, savagery, and a portion of the best overwhelming metal at any point recorded. The scene was to a great extent impacted by a trio of non-Norwegian groups in the 80s - Venom, Celtic Frost, and Bathory. Britain's Venom is generally viewed as the primary dark metal band, and their unconventional sinister acting was a gigantic impact on Europe's outrageous metal scenes. Their second collection, "Black Metal", gave the new type its name. the band that had the most direct effect on Norway's outrageous metal scene was a small time studio venture from Sweden called Bathory. Bathory's collection "Under the Sign: The Sign of the Black Mark" practically characterizes the commonplace dark metal sound - noisy, quick, and ineffectively recorded. Be that as it may, the Viking Set of three, comprising of the collections "Blood, Fire, Death", "Hammerheart", furthermore, "The Twilight of the Gods", is the thing that truly commenced the blast of Scandinavian metal. The mid 90s saw the Norwegian metal scene ascend in unmistakable quality on the world stage as groups continually attempted to "out-evil" each other. Three primary groups developed - Mayhem, Burzum, and Emperor. (Particularly Emperor, IMHO) Mayhem turned into the melodic pioneer of the scene, while Varg Vikernes of Burzum turned into the centerpoint of the Dark Metal "movement", for absence of a superior word. Ruler, then, collected the most basic praise. Varg (otherwise known as "Count Grishnakh") was answerable for beginning a rush of chapel burnings and grave defilements and in the long run killed Mayhem guitarist Euronymous. Ruler has presumably had the most enduring impact on the scene, as the sound that they made has been the outline for numerous groups, for example, Norwegian metal geniuses Dimmu Borgir, just as an enormous number of non-Norwegian groups. DIMMU BORGIR Dimmu Borgir is a melodic dark metal band hailing from Norway. Shagrath, Silenoz and Tjodalv started the band in 1993. Soon after, Brynjard Tristan joined to play bass, and Stian Aarstad joined for console obligations. Dimmu Borgir was conceived. They are a band which achievement is estimated with so much groups as Emperor, Kreator and Cradle of Filth.

Frantz Fanon and Cultural Nationalism in Ireland :: Essays Papers

Frantz Fanon and Cultural Nationalism in Ireland Recently has Ireland been remembered for the broad investigation of postcolonial social orders. Our land closeness to Britain, the way that we are racially indistinguishable, the way that we communicate in a similar language and have a similar worth frameworks make our status as postcolonial dangerous. In fact, some would contend it is difficult to differentiate among Irish and British. Be that as it may, to confuse Irish with English to some is a grave affront. In this article, I might want to take a gander at Ireland’s developing postcolonial status corresponding to Frantz Fanon’s ‘The Wretched of the Earth’. By analyzing Fanon’s speculations on the ascent of social patriotism in colonized social orders, one can see that occasions occurring in Ireland toward the finish of the nineteenth century bear all the signs of a colonized people’s against frontier battle through the recovery of a culture that endeavors to attest contrast to the coloniz er and the emphasis on self-government. The years 1870 to 1890 in Ireland saw the intense clash of Charles Stewart Parnell and his Home Rule party for home principle in Ireland. This comprised of Ireland having its own parliament to manage inside undertakings while as yet staying heavily influenced by Westminster in global issues. It was not the craving for a full detachment from Britain that would come later. In any case, by 1890, issues in Parnell’s individual life lead to a breakdown in correspondence with the Prime Minister and to a split in the Home Rule party. As per M E Collins, this left a void in Irish legislative issues and life that was loaded up with another social mindfulness and a scrutinizing of Irish character: ‘the new developments were unique. They focused on the significance of Irish personality, Irish race and Irish culture’ (170 M E Collins, Ireland 1868 - 1966). It is now that Fanon’s ‘Wretched of the Earth’ gets pertinent to Irish history. In his part entitled ‘On National Consciousness’, Fanon stresses the colonized local feelings of trepidation of being acclimatized absolutely into the way of life of the colonizer, of being ‘swamped’ (169 Frantz Fanon, The Wretched of the Earth). These were the specific worries that consumed the brains of the Irish individuals after the disappointment of home standard. They started to be on edge about what Collins terms ‘the recognizing characteristics of Irishness’: ‘a culture and language that was distinctive to Britain’s’.

Curriculum and Instruction Revisited

â€Å"The Seven Story Mountain† by Thomas Merton Essay Presentation Thomas Merton experienced a critical transformation in his childhood and transformed into a noticeable Catholic creator and mystic. His collection of memoirs â€Å"The Seven Story Mountain† talks about his life from adolescence to grown-up and the transformation to Roman Catholicism and section into a religious community.  The title and the grouping of this book were enthused by Dante’s â€Å"The Divine Comedy†. Merton’s collection of memoirs is partitioned into three sections: The first portrays his existence without God (â€Å"Hell†); the second, the start of his quest for God (â€Å"Purgatory†); and the third, his submersion and passage into a devout request (â€Å"Paradise†). Conversation Thomas Merton’s personal work â€Å"The Seven Story Mountain† denoted the genuine start of his exceptional scholarly vocation. Seven years prior, he came into the Trappist convent of Gethsemani in Kentucky. Propelled by his abbot; Dom Frederic Dunne, Merton composed his life story so as to clarify his transformation from a non-trusting Anglican into a changed to Catholicism who left a promising instructive profession so as to join a confined religious community. (Merton, 121) Over the most recent quite a long while of Merton’s life, he composed exhaustively on such shifted subjects like fighting and quietness, the common development, racial and social separation, Eastern and Western religion, and the relationship between regular Christian qualities and the contemporary world. Merton partitioned his life account into three segments. The initial segment manages the years between his youth and the physical breakdown he endured in 1936. The subsequent area clarifies his broad time of recuperation, his change to Catholicism in 1938, and his decision in late 1939 to join an organization. The last part talks about his perspectives past to and resulting to his passageway in the Gethsemani Monastery. The heading of Merton’s self-portrayal delineates the seven levels in Dante’s Purgatory. (Zuercher, 67) The heavenly style permitted him to move from the most minimal to the most elevated level of awesome information. The book â€Å"Seven Story Mountain† clarifies in a reasonable and unassuming manner Merton’s consistent change from an arrogant and impassive youth into a sharp and develop devotee who recovered fulfillment as a thoughtful minister. From the hour of its distribution in 1948, the book â€Å"The Seven Story Mountain† has influenced numerous perusers in a positive manner. (Merton, 129) The writer in the beginning of the book â€Å"The Seven Story Mountain† depicts himself as a hostage of a common and egotistical world. This assessment of the new world to a reformatory has struck a large portion of the perusers as extraordinary. The notable British essayist Evelyn Waugh distributed an all around adjusted story of â€Å"The Seven Story Mountain† in the title Elected Silence in 1949. Waugh evacuated what he thought as the exaggeration in both Merton’s way and his judgment of the world out of his religious community. Despite the fact that Waugh improved numerous pieces of the content in Merton’s book, Merton believed that the cleaned and refined path picked by Waugh couldn't fittingly put across to the crowd his instinctive reaction as far as anyone is concerned when his change. Merton needed the perusers of â€Å"The Seven Story Mountain† to realize that his life would have been useless in the event that he had not got the endowment of conviction from God; his change had definitely changed his impression of the world. The book â€Å"The Seven Story Mountain† has been well contrasted with such exemplary life accounts as those of Michel Eyquem de Montaigne, Saint Augustine, and Jean-Jacques Rousseau. Such recognition of Merton’s life account is totally suitable on the grounds that he additionally investigated with practically ruthless trustworthiness the shortcomings and qualities of his character. Merton never endeavored to misdirect his perusers by introducing himself in an excessively positive light. His abstract investigation of his own life never appears to be counterfeit. His steady endeavor to comprehend the genuine inspiration for his ethical decisions convinces his perusers both to regard Merton’s impression of the world and to value the widespread components in Merton’s otherworldly and mental development: The sequential structure of this collection of memoirs empowers the peruser to comprehend the continuous changes which made Thomas Merton convert to Roman Catholicism and afterward to enter a sequestered cloister. (Zuercher, 71) Thomas Merton had a troublesome adolescence. He was brought into the world close to the Spanish outskirt in the French town of Prades on January 31, 1915. His folks were the two craftsmen, and they moved much of the time. His mom, an American, would pass on in 1921 and his dad, a New Zealander, would bite the dust almost ten years after the fact. Merton spent his youth and immaturity in France, England, Bermuda, and the United States yet never felt comfortable anyplace. The phony and narrow-mindedness of present day society discouraged him. Due to his significant feeling of estrangement, Merton yielded an excessive number of foolish desires: After he joined the University of Cambridge in 1933, he started to drink intensely and afterward fathered a youngster with only one parent present.  His past paramour and their child both would kick the bucket during a Nazi air assault on London. During composing his personal history, Merton thought of a companion from Cambridge who had ended it all. He was sure that lone the adoration for God had shielded him from a similar fate and that he had accomplished nothing valuable this time he had spent in England. He went to America in 1934 and afterward never returned to Europe. In the principal segment of â€Å"The Seven Story Mountain†, the wretchedness and confinement which numerous individuals experience after the ghastliness of the Holocaust and the demolition of World War II is firmly and emotively communicated. In the second area of â€Å"The Seven Story Mountain†, Merton revealed that he required divine elegance and the moral help of his companions both so as to support profoundly. When Merton arrived at America, he enlisted at Columbia University, where he met two educators, Mark Van Doren and Dan Walsh, who strongly convinced his self-improvement. Van Doren prepared Merton to think genuinely, to offer significance to truth for itself, and to distrust a wide range of ridiculous thinking. Mockingly, Merton had never intended to meet Van Doren. In the beginning of his lesser year at Columbia, Merton went to an inappropriate study hall unintentionally. (Zuercher, 81) When Van Doren came in and began talking, Merton chose to take that course in its place and surrendered history course which he really needed to take. Merton thought of this surprising mishap as a component of a heavenly arrangement to assist him with understanding the endowment of confidence. Van Doren, who was a Protestant, got one of Merton’s closest companions, comparing with him for quite a long time and regularly visiting him at Gethsemani. Despite the fact that he didn't share Merton’s strict convictions, Van Doren firmly bolstered the two his change to Catholicism and his choice to enter the cloister. At whatever point he had individual issues, Merton realized that Van Doren would be there to help and guide him. Another dear companion from Columbia was Robert Lax. He urged Merton to take a seminar on medieval Scholasticism which Dan Walsh, a meeting teacher of theory from Sacred Heart College, was to educate at Columbia. Walsh instructed Merton that no restriction need exist between the acknowledgment of conventional Christian convictions and the philosophical quest for truth. After he turned into a Catholic, Merton addressed Walsh of his enthusiasm for the organization, and Walsh proposed the Trappist religious community in Gethsemani. From the start, Merton dismissed this proposal, however inside two years he would turn into a Trappist. The greater part of his companions at Columbia were not Catholic. By and by, they went to his absolution in 1938. After eleven years, his Columbia companions would go to Gethsemani for his appointment. Companionship improved Merton’s life and gave him the inward harmony which he required so as to acknowledge the endowment of confidence. (Merton, 135) Whatever their strict convictions; his perusers can relate to Merton’s attentive examination of the nearby connection among kinship and the quest for joy. The third piece of â€Å"The Seven Story Mountain† portrays his purposes behind entering the Cistercian cloister and the incredible bliss which dynamic contemplation brought to him there. In the wake of thinking about a couple of strict requests, he from the start left the limited life. In any case, after numerous discussions with his companions from Columbia and two withdraws in Cistercian cloisters, Merton made a determination that solitary the reflective life would permit him to develop profoundly. He wrote to Gethsemani and was acknowledged for what he was: a scratch whom the unconditional present of confidence had changed into an intense devotee. At Gethsemani, Merton would understanding just because the joys of genuine passionate and scholarly fulfillment. At the point when Merton came to Gethsemani on December 10, 1941, he saw the words Pax intrantibus (harmony to the individuals who enter) engraved over the passageway entryway. In Merton’s mind, this Latin welcome characterized the incomprehensible idea of the religious life. The various and frequently insignificant principles in an insightful request are in truth intended to bring priests internal harmony by liberating them from the phony of the materialistic world. (Zuercher, 82). In this way, the harmony he wished to gain was the astuteness to acknowledge everything as a component of the heavenly arrangement. However this trust in divine fortune would before long be seriously tried. Just a couple of months after his landing in Gethsemani, he was called to his abbot’s office. Merton’s sibling, John Paul, at that point a sergeant in the British armed force, had gone to the nunnery in or

Economics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 14

Financial aspects - Essay Example The principal circumstance is the customary ‘capitalist’ approach where the administration embraces an absolutely ‘hands off’ arrangement permitting the assets to be utilized by exclusive undertaking, decreasing insurance to nearby industry and farming by bringing down import duties and permitting free rivalry. The subsequent methodology (socialist) is overwhelming administrative inclusion in the economy where all assets are openly possessed and the legislature chooses their designation and use. In any case, it is regular to locate a center way embraced by most nations including the US. Governments can't recognize organizations that will perform well and their purposes behind entering a specific zone of the economy oftentimes targets serving of social causes and political finishes rather that those of financial matters. Models are, the appropriation of riches, guideline of rivalry, providing framework and so forth. This prompts a preoccupation of assets to non-profitable undertakings and away from private hands that could have used the assets all the more productively and successfully stops venture/rivalry from abroad. Liberating of exchange can bring about rivalry for merchandise and ventures prompting proficient usage of assets, improved ways of life, and monetary development. Regardless of this, it is fundamental for governments to address certain zones that private undertaking would somehow or another disregard or the advantages of financial development would not permeate down to the monetarily in reverse segments of society. For instance, the guard of the natio n isn't an issue that private undertaking can join in; another model is the arrangement of social insurance, if totally privatized great medicinal services would get far off for enormous areas of the monetarily frail. Either the ‘neo-classical’ justification of market disappointment in the arrangement of open products and need to diminish the impact of externalities and so forth or the transformative

Description of the company as General Merchandise Store Essay

Depiction of the organization as General Merchandise Store - Essay Example The organization has likewise settled various supercenters in significant urban communities to satisfy the expanding need for one-stop family shopping. These stores join general product and full staple goods running from bread kitchen merchandise, drinks, new fish, new homestead produce, sauces and flavors, solidified nourishments, canned and pressed nourishments, meat, and dairy items to dry products and staples. The majority of these are open 24 and have claim to fame shops like mobile phone store, drug store, eateries, hair salon, tire and cylinder express among others. The local markets overcome any issues between the supercenters and the markdown stores by offering a constrained scope of general product yet a full scope of wellbeing and excellence items, staple goods, pharmaceuticals and photograph creating administrations. The qualities of the key players of an organization have the capability of affecting on authoritative conduct and this, thusly, will monetary execution legit imately and in a roundabout way. Along these lines, there are a few qualities I might want to have and might want to see them in other key players of the organization like the central fund official (CFO) and the main tasks official (COO). The first is having a dream. All the key players of the organization must have a typical image of what the organization targets accomplishing. Having a dream will prompt the making of an organization where all representatives move in the direction of the fulfillment of a shared objective. Every key player ought to act naturally less associates and group builders.... Having a dream will prompt the formation of an organization where all representatives move in the direction of the fulfillment of a shared objective. Every single key player ought to act naturally less partners and group manufacturers. These attributes will go far into empowering the soul and attitude of cooperation and coordinated effort over the organization among all positions of workers. Comparable to this, the key players ought to have solid relational connections. In organizations, particularly retailing, relationship building abilities are as significant as specialized resources in view of elevated levels of consistent relational commitment. This trademark will subsequently prompt the production of an organization where workers treat clients with the most extreme regard prompting the best client experience. The key players ought to likewise be of acceptable character and exceptionally moral. This quality will prompt the formation of an organization whose arrangements, methods and business exercises show a severe adherence to morals. Also, key players ought to have energy. The two representatives and clients need enthusiasm if the workers grasped this character, it will prompt the formation of a client centered culture where everybody is eager to go an additional mile to give clients an enthusiastic shopping experience. Investigation of inspirational hypotheses talked about and assurance of how best to propel organization workers. The inspirational hypotheses talked about so far demonstrate a variety in sees among therapists in regards to what best spurs laborers. To certain, laborers are best persuaded by pay, to other people, laborers are inspired by fulfillment of their social needs and to somewhere in the range of, a fulfillment of mental needs. Nonetheless, it is unfruitful to lay a system for worker inspiration basing on a solitary factor. For instance, a

How the Process of Homeostasis Works

How the Process of Homeostasis Works Theories Behavioral Psychology Print How the Process of Homeostasis Works By Kendra Cherry facebook twitter Kendra Cherry, MS, is an author, educational consultant, and speaker focused on helping students learn about psychology. Learn about our editorial policy Kendra Cherry Updated on December 06, 2019 Cultura Science / GIPhotoStock / Getty Images More in Theories Behavioral Psychology Cognitive Psychology Developmental Psychology Personality Psychology Social Psychology Biological Psychology Psychosocial Psychology Homeostasis refers to the bodys need to reach and maintain a certain state of equilibrium. The term is often used to refer to the bodys tendency to monitor and maintain internal states such as temperature and energy levels at fairly constant and stable levels. A Closer Look at Homeostasis The term homeostasis was first coined by a psychologist named Walter Cannon in 1926. The term, homeostasis, refers to an organisms ability to regulate various physiological processes to keep internal states steady and balanced. These processes take place mostly without our conscious awareness. Our internal regulatory systems have what is known as a set point for a variety of things. This is much like the thermostat in your house or the A/C system in your car. Once set at a certain point, these systems work to keep the internal states at these levels. When the temperature levels drop in your house, your furnace will turn on and warm things up to the preset temperature. In the same way, if something is out of balance in your body, a variety of physiological reactions will kick in until the setpoint is once again reached. Homeostasis Involves Three Key Features 1. A clear set point 2. The ability to detect deviations from this set point 3. Behavioral and physiological responses designed to return the body to the set point Your body has set points for a variety of things including temperature, weight, sleep, thirst, and hunger. One prominent theory of human motivation, known as drive reduction theory, suggests that homeostatic imbalances create needs. This need to restore balance drives people to perform actions that will return the body to its ideal state. How Does the Body Regulate Temperature? When you think about homeostasis, the temperature might come to mind first. It is one of the most important and obvious homeostatic systems. All organisms, from large mammals to tiny bacteria, must maintain an ideal temperature in order to survive. Some factors that influence this ability to maintain a stable body temperature include how these systems are regulated as well as the overall size of the organism. Some creatures, known as endotherms or warm-blooded animals, accomplish this via internal physiological processes. Birds and mammals (including humans) are endotherms. Other creatures are ectotherms (aka cold-blooded) and rely on external sources to regulate their body temperature. Reptiles and amphibians are both ectotherms. The colloquial terms warm-blooded and cold-blooded do not actually mean that these organisms have different blood temperatures. These terms simply refer to how these creatures maintain their internal body temperatures. Homeostasis is also influenced by an organisms size, or more specifically, the surface-to-volume ratio.  Larger creatures have a much greater body volume, which causes them to produce more body heat. Smaller animals, on the other, produce less body heat but also have a higher surface-to-volume ratio. They lose more body heat than they produce, so their internal systems must work much harder to maintain steady body temperature. Behavioral and Physiological Responses As mentioned earlier, homeostasis involves both physiological and behavioral responses. In terms of behavior, you might seek out warm clothes or a patch of sunlight if you start to feel chilly. When you start to feel chilled, you might also curl your body inward and keep your arms tucked in close to your body to keep in the heat. As endotherms, people also possess a number of internal systems that help regulate body temperature. As you probably already know, humans have a body temperature set point of 98.6 degrees Fahrenheit. When your body temperature dips below this point, it sets off a number of physiological reactions to help restore balance. Blood vessels in the bodys extremities constrict in order to prevent heat loss. Shivering also helps the body produce more heat. The body also responds when temperatures go above 98.6 degrees. Have you ever noticed how your skin becomes flushed when you are very warm? This is your body trying to restore temperature balance. When you are too warm, your blood vessels dilate in order to give off more body heat. Perspiration is another common way to reduce body heat, which is why you often end up flushed and sweaty on a very hot day.

Feudalism in England Under William the Conqeuror - Free Essay Example

After his victory at the Battle of Hastings in 1066 William the Conqueror became the first Norman King of England. Immediately William set out to consolidate his power in England by taking vast swaths of land and redistributing it to Norman lords who would rule on his behalf. This was the beginning of the feudal system in England. Scholars are split on whether or not William actually created feudalism or just capitalized upon a system that was already in the making, but it is clear that the Normans utilized the feudal system in order to cement their power in England. The structure and control the feudal system offered allowed William to maintain control of England throughout his reign. To understand how the structure of feudalism affected the Norman rule of England, feudalism must first be defined. Feudalism describes both a social and governmental structure where a monarch delegates land and power to vassals who rule on his behalf in exchange for military assistance. While arrangement of feudal power varied from place to place there were four common elements seen throughout feudal government: the fief, the castle, the knight, and vassal commendation . The process through which a lord would become a vassal of the king was called commendation. Commendation was a ceremony that usually consisted of two parts, an act of homage and an oath of fealty . The act of paying homage involved the inferior coming before the king bareheaded and weaponless, as a sign of submission, and then clasping the hands of the king to signify his obedience to him. The king would then produce a bible or other holy relic, which the vassal would place his hands upon in order to swear his oath o f fealty. These oaths generally involved the vassal swearing to support the king and honor his act of homage by acting in the interest of the monarch. In return for this act, the king would grant the vassal a fief. A fief is a parcel of land given to a lord to rule on the king’s behalf. These lords would hold the land ‘in fee’ for the king so that the king could maintain control over larger areas of land without being directly involved in the day to day governance of each area. The monarch in these situations still maintained the rights to the land that the vassal has control over, making it easy for the king to ensure his vassal stayed in accordance with his wishes because the vassals land rights could be revoked at any time. Land was not the only object that could be held in fee, government roles and hunting rights were also commonly granted in exchange for fealty. A fief’s main purpose was to provide income for the lord so that he had the means to prov ide for his knights. Fiefs usually consisted of some amount of land, which varied widely, as well as a number of un-free peasants tied to the land that would work for the lord. The majority of the fiefdoms under the rule of William the Conqueror were taken from Anglo-Saxons and redistributed to Norman lords. The seat of power for most fiefs was a castle. Castles were integral to the control of England because they gave the Norman aristocracy defensible positions through which they could amass armies and be safe from any rebellious Anglo-Saxons. Placing castles in each of the new fiefdoms formed following the Norman conquest not only gave the Normans a physical advantage in term of defensive outposts but also a distinct psychological advantage that the imposing stone structures provided . These nigh-impenetrable fortresses were placed in strategic positions that made them incredibly difficult to overwhelm and easy to defend. While castles provided the defensive and strategic advantage over the English, knights were the true military backbone of the feudal system implanted by the Normans. Knights were mounted soldiers that abided by a code of honor known as chivalry. Vassals of the king would grant knights an estate or manor with a certain number of peasants attached to it in order to supp ort the costs associated with being a knight. The horse, armor, and weapons necessary to be a knight were astronomically expensive, and without a portion of land it would have been impossible to attain knighthood. It took anywhere from fifteen to thirty peasant families to generate enough money to sustain one knight . The Normans used knights as a powerful tool to quell insurrections and stabilize life in Medieval England. With the common elements of feudalism defined thusly it becomes easier to see how William the Conqueror and his Norman allies manipulated the political and societal structure in their favor. Immediately after the Battle of Hastings was completed William set about consolidating land previously held by Anglo-Saxon lords and redistributing it to those loyal to him among the Norman aristocracy. Most of the English lords fled the country to find refuge in Scotland, Scandinavia, or Constantinople. Before William came in to power the power structure of the lords in England was very horizontal. There were thousands of lords who shared power with less authority granted to the king than under William. In many instances land was granted to English lords in perpetuity before Norman rule, thereby removing the kings power to take back the land he had granted his vassal. This was not the case under Williams rule. William established a more pyramidal structure to his rule in England. The Normans had a tradition of having stronger bonds between their lords and king than did the English. Whereas the English king only controlled his vassals through land rights, the Normans generally had a system where the ruling Duke, or in this case king, relied on his ‘military familia’ which consisted of a group of lords that were tied to the king through family bonds . The soldiers fielded by the ‘military familia’ were professionals who fought on horseback. They were superior to the un-mounted thegns who comprised the majority of pre-Norman English forces as well as had deeper family ties to the monarch. William utilized these stronger bonds between ruler and ruled in order to maintain a tight grip on the fiefs of England. After the Norman Conquest all of the land held by over 4000 Anglo-Saxon lords was taken and given to around 200 Norman and French lords . By displacing the former lords who would most likely not be loyal to him William ensured that any who would oppose him would not have access to the land or finances needed in order to field an army. In addition, by granting this land to Normans who were loyal to him William was granted access to all of the resources he was denying his opponents. Now William not only had control of his forces from Normandy, but also controlled the financial and military might of England. English lords had no choice but to vacate the country or to strike deals with their new masters. For those that were willing to make deals with the Normans, William would again use the ritual of vassal commendation to accept oaths of fealty from them. The English lords who fled remained a problem though. There were many rebellions staged by former English lords against Norman Englan d between 1066 and 1085. Every time, William retained control of England because of the political structure he had in place. For example, the first rebellion occurred in 1067, and was staged by the three sons of Harold Godwinson. King William had already returned to Normandy, just six months after his victory at the Battle of Hastings. The rebels had established themselves in Ireland and were raiding the Western coast of England. The Norman lords who had been established there utilized their castles and mounted forces to repel the invaders long enough for William to return from Normandy and gather men from his surrounding magnates then march to the Western coast. Because William had consolidated land and titles under his ‘military familia’ he had loyal men to defend his throne even in his absence. Perhaps the best example of William utilizing his newly formed feudal hierarchy was in the Harrying of the North in 1069. The earldom of Northumbria was semi-autonomous under previous English kings. In 971 Edgar the Peaceful had promised the earls of the North that interference of the king would be m inimal in exchange for their obedience to the crown. William the Conqueror did not want to continue this practice. After the lord he had established in the North, Robert de Comines, was brutally murdered by the locals William formed an army to march North. Despite the small size of his army, William proceeded to obliterate much of the North and decimate the rebel forces there. This was made possible in large part due to the prowess of the mounted knights who rode with him, the large retinue of loyal lords he could choose to support him, and the amount of defensive fortifications and castles he could utilize along the way. The amount of destruction wrought by William in such a short amount of time is a clear example of how the rigid structure and authority provided to him by his newly formed feudal hierarchy allowed him to act swiftly and effectively in bringing down his opponents. Despite multiple other attempts at rebellion following the Harrying of the North none proved successful. William established Norman lords in all of the earldoms of the North, which prevented any rebels from finding refuge. Even when Edgar Ethling, one of the last rebel Anglo-Saxon lords, sought help from the Danes to overthrow William the Conqueror they were unable to do so. William had such a strong hold on all of the lands of England that the Danes were unable to leave their sh ips and establish themselves on land to last the winter.